GLP-1 Medicines Linked to Lower Diabetes Progression and Cardiovascular Risks in People With Prediabetes

Prediabetes occurs when blood glucose levels are higher than normal but do not yet meet the criteria for type 2 diabetes. People with prediabetes, particularly those also living with obesity, have an increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular complications.

Researchers compared outcomes among more than 250,000 adults with prediabetes and obesity who were taking GLP-1 receptor agonist medicines or metformin. The study reported that the GLP-1 group was approximately 1.5 times more likely to return to normal blood glucose levels. It also reported lower risks of progression to type 2 diabetes, death from any cause, heart attack, stroke and heart failure over the study period.

These results are potentially important because diabetes prevention can also reduce long-term cardiovascular risks. However, the research is a conference abstract and has not yet undergone full peer-reviewed journal publication. The reported associations do not prove that GLP-1 medicines alone caused the differences. Treatment decisions must account for medical history, side effects, cost and clinician guidance.